APA
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Robillard, R., Saad, M., Edwards, J., Solomonova, E., Pennestri, M., Daros, A., … Kendzerska, T. (2020). Social, financial and psychological stress during an emerging pandemic: observations from a population survey in the acute phase of COVID-19. BMJ Open, 10(12), e043805. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043805
Chicago/Turabian
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Robillard, R., M. Saad, J. Edwards, E. Solomonova, M. Pennestri, A. Daros, S. Veissière, et al. “Social, Financial and Psychological Stress during an Emerging Pandemic: Observations from a Population Survey in the Acute Phase of COVID-19.” BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (2020): e043805.
MLA
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Robillard, R., et al. “Social, Financial and Psychological Stress during an Emerging Pandemic: Observations from a Population Survey in the Acute Phase of COVID-19.” BMJ Open, vol. 10, no. 12, 2020, p. e043805, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043805 .
BibTeX Click to copy
@article{r2020a,
title = {Social, financial and psychological stress during an emerging pandemic: observations from a population survey in the acute phase of COVID-19},
year = {2020},
issue = {12},
journal = {BMJ Open},
pages = {e043805},
volume = {10},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043805 },
author = {Robillard, R. and Saad, M. and Edwards, J. and Solomonova, E. and Pennestri, M. and Daros, A. and Veissière, S. and Quilty, L. and Dion, K. and Nixon, A. and Phillips, J. and Bhatla, R. and Spilg, E. and Godbout, R. and Yazji, B. and Rushton, C. and Gifford, W. and Gautam, M. and Boafo, A. and Kendzerska, T.}
}
Background Understanding the multifaceted impacts of the Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) outbreak as it unfolds is crucial to identify the most critical needs and to inform targeted interventions. Methods This population survey study presents cohort characteristics and baseline observations linked to the acute-mid phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of perceived threats and concerns, occupational and financial impacts, social impacts and stress as measured by the Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) collected cross-sectionally between April 3 and May 15, 2020. A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify factors associated with stress changes relative to pre-outbreak estimates. Results 6,040/6,685 (90.4%) participants filled out at least 1/3 of the survey and were included in the analyses. On average, PSS scores increased from 12.9+6.8 before the outbreak to 14.9+8.3 during the outbreak (p<0.001). The independent factors associated with stress worsening were: having a mental disorder, female sex, having underage children, heavier alcohol consumption, working with the general public, shorter sleep duration, younger age, less time elapsed since the start of the outbreak, lower stress before the outbreak, worse symptoms that could be linked to COVID-19, lower coping skills, worse obsessive-compulsive symptoms related to germs and contamination, personalities loading on extraversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism, left-wing political views, worse family relationships, and spending less time exercising and doing artistic activities. Interpretation Cross-sectional analyses showed a significant increase from average low to moderate stress during the COVID-19 outbreak. Identified modifiable factors associated with an increase in stress may be informative for intervention development.
